What is physical significance of hydrogen atom groud state energy is negative?
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This negative sign means that the energy of the electron in the atom is lower than energy of a free electron at rest. A free electron at rest is an electron that is infinitely far away from the nucleus and is assigned the energy value of zero. Mathematically, this corresponds to setting n equal to infinity in the equation so that E infinity= 0. As the electron gets closer to the nucleus (as n decreases), E n becomes larger in absolute value and more and more negative. The most negative energy value is given by n=1 which corresponds to the most stable orbital. And We call this the Ground State .
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