Question

what is pleuro pneumonia like organism

Answer 1

mycoplasma is also called as PPLO( pleuro pneumonia like organism). they are the smallest living organism on earth , they also lack cell wall and can survive without oxygen.

Answer 2

Mycoplasma or mollicutes are the simplest and the smallest form of a free living procaryote. They were discovered in pleural fluid or cattle suffering from pleuropneumonia (originally given by Nocard and Roux in the year of 1898). The organisms are often called as MLOs (Mycoplasma like organisms) or popularly PPLO (Pleuropneumonia like organisms). The size ranges from a start of 0.1 micrometer to 0.15 micrometer. A cell wall is completely absent however, the plasma membrane forms the outer boundary of the cell. Due to the absence of cell wall the organisms can change their shape accordingly and are known as pleomorphic. Like other procaryotes, mycoplasmas possess one singular envelope system. They lack a properly organised nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth and rough are absent), plastids, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, centrioles, flagella, etc. The genetic material is represented as a single DNA duplex which is naked because of the absence of histone association intended to it. The DNA association and the duplex of it is not compacted as in other procaryotes but instead lies coiled throughout the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are 70S in it. Enzymes lie both freely in the cytoplasm as well as the association with the plasma membrane. DNA possesses a replicating disc at an end to assist in replication and separation of the genetic material. Granules of the various types occur here and there in the cytoplasm.

Mycoplasmas are heterotrophic in their nutrition. Some of them live a small saprophytes but majority parasitise plants and animals. The parasitic habit is due to the inability of most mycoplasmas to synthesise the required growth factors ,such as, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Myocplasma laidlawii. They mostly produce pleuropneumonia in domesticated animals, atypical pneumonia and mycoplasmal urethritis in the humans, little leaf disease in brinjal and witches broom in plants.