what is proton neutron hypothesis give reason for acceptanceof this hypothesis .how does this hypothesis avoid the failures of electron hypothesis
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Answer:
Atoms are made of extremely tiny particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom, making up the nucleus. Electrons surround the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge. ... Neutrons have no charge.
Answer:
The study of radioactive disintegrations had established that alpha rays were ‘monokinetic’ – in that they always took away the same percentage (100%) of the energy available in the decay. Beta rays, by comparison, could have any of a range of energy values. Whereas the alpha energy distribution is reduced to a single value, the energy distribution (or spectrum) of beta rays can take any value between zero and the total energy available.
In 1930, this evidence was problematic for physicists working in the field. What happened to the law of conservation of energy for beta decay? The seemingly missing energy even led Niels Bohr to propose doing away with that most fundamental conservation law. A mortal sin for a physicist.
In order to save the law of conservation of energy, the Swiss physicist Wolfgang Pauli postulated the existence of an electrically-neutral, low mass (at most 1/100 the mass of the proton) particle that would be emitted along with the beta particle. This hypothetical third body could then take away whatever energy was not given to the beta particle; solving that most vexing of issues. Pauli first proposed this hypothesis in a humorous letter to his colleagues Lise Meitner and Hans Geiger.
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