what is quark,bosons,photons,leptons,
Answers
Quark
A quark is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons.
Types: 6 (up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top)
Spin: 1⁄2
Discovered: SLAC (c. 1968)
Electric charge: +2⁄3 e, −1⁄3 e
Baryon number: 1⁄3
Composition: Elementary particle
Interactions: Electromagnetism, gravitation, strong, weak
Mass
The team finds that an up quark weighs 2.01 +/- 0.14 megaelectron-volts, whereas a down quark weighs 4.79 +/- 0.16 MeV. That's 0.214% and 0.510% of the mass of the proton, respectively. Knowing the light-quark masses is “absolutely essential in a bunch of ways,” Mackenzie says.
Theory
In 1963, a theory was proposed that a major group of these particles, called hadrons, could be thought of as made from a few, more fundamental particles, called quarks. Protons and neutrons are members of the hadron group. Quarks are proposed to be the simplest, irreducible, structureless building blocks of hadrons.
Size
Size. In QCD, quarks are considered to be point-like entities, with zero size. As of 2014, experimental evidence indicates they are no bigger than 10−4 times the size of a proton, i.e. less than 10−19 metres.
Proof
Deep inelastic scattering experiments provided the evidence that the proton and neutron are made up of three more fundamental particles called quarks . If in a high energy collision, something scatters directly off one of the constituent quarks, it will give it a high energy.
Bosons
In quantum mechanics, a boson (/ˈboʊsɒn/, /ˈboʊzɒn/) is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. ... Whereas the elementary particles that make up matter (i.e. leptons and quarks) are fermions, the elementary bosons are force carriers that function as the 'glue' holding matter together.
Photons
The photon is a type of elementary particle. It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. Photons are massless, so they always move at the speed of light in vacuum, 299792458 m/s.
C parity: −1
Parity: −1
Spin: 1
Symbol: γ
Mean lifetime: Stable
Statistic: Bose–Einstein statistics
Composition: Elementary particle
Energy
An electron volt is the energy required to raise an electron through 1 volt, thus a photon with an energy of 1 eV = 1.602 × 10-19 J.
Equation
Photons are electrically neutral. Photons have no mass, but they have energy E = hf = hc/λ. Here h = 6.626*10-34 Js is a universal constant called Planck's constant. The energy of each photon is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the associated EM wave.
Wavelength
As h and c are both constants, photon energy E changes in inverse relation to wavelength λ. Therefore, the photon energy at 1 μm wavelength, the wavelength of near infrared radiation, is approximately 1.2398 eV.
Emissions
When the electron changes levels, it decreases energy and the atom emits photons. The photon is emitted with the electron moving from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. The energy of the photon is the exact energy that is lost by the electron moving to its lower energy level.
Leptons
Lepton, any member of a class of subatomic particles that respond only to the electromagnetic force, weak force, and gravitational force and are not affected by the strong force. Leptons are said to be elementary particles; that is, they do not appear to be made up of smaller units of matter.
Electric charge: +1 e, 0 e, −1 e
Interactions: Electromagnetism, Gravitation, Weak
Spin: 1⁄2
Generation: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Antiparticle: Antilepton (; ℓ;)
Types: 6 (electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino)
Composition: Elementary particle