What is σ (sigma) overlapping and what is π (pie) overlapping? Also explain the types of both the overlappings?
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Sigma and Pi Bonds
Sigma and pi bonds are chemical covalent bonds. Sigma and pi bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals. Sigma bonds are formed by end-to-end overlapping and Pi bonds are when the lobe of one atomic orbital overlaps another. Both acquired their names from the Greek letters and the bond when viewed down the bond axis. A sigma bond, \sigmaσ, resembles a similar "s" atomic orbital, and a pi pond, \piπ, has the same orbital symmetry of the p orbital (again, in both cases when viewed down the bond axis). Generally sigma bonds are stronger than pi bonds. Both are used extensively to predict the behavior of molecules in molecular orbital theory.
Answer:
SIGMA Overlapping:
A sigma bond is a covalent bond which is formed by the head on overlap of two atomic orbitals. The combination of overlapping orbitals can be s-s, s-pz or pz-pz. Sigma bonding can be a bonding interaction or an antibonding interaction.
PIE Overlapping:
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds where two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap two lobes of an orbital on another atom and this overlap occurs laterally. Each of these atomic orbitals has zero electron density at a shared nodal plane, passing through the two bonded nuclei.
Explanation:
there are no types of sigma and pie bond