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"Shia" and "Shias" redirect here. For other uses, see Shia (disambiguation).
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Shia Islam (/ˈʃiːə/; Arabic: شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʿatu ʿAlī "adherents of Ali"; Arabic: شيعة Shi'i is singular, Arabic: شياع Shi'a is plural,[1] Shi'ite is also used in English) is one of the two main branches of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor and the Imam (leader) after him,[2] most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from the caliphate as a result of the incident of Saqifah. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunni Islam , whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor and consider Abu Bakr, who they claim was appointed caliph by a small group of Muslims at Saqifah, to be the first rightful caliph after the Prophet.[3]
Unlike the first three Rashidun caliphs, Ali was from the same clan as Muhammad, Banu Hashim, as well as being the prophet's cousin and being the first male to become Muslim.[4]
Shia Islam is the second largest branch of Islam: as of the late 2000s, Shia Muslims constituted 10–15% of all Muslims.[5] Twelver Shia (Ithnā'ashariyyah) is the largest branch of Shia Islam,[6] with 2012 estimates saying that 85% of Shias were Twelvers.[7]
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Shia Islam is based on the prophet's hadith(qadir khumm).[8][9] Shia consider Ali to have been divinely appointed as the successor to Muhammad, and as the first Imam. The Shia also extend this Imammahfalse doctrine to Muhammad's family, the Ahl al-Bayt ("the people/family of the House"),[10] and some individuals among his descendants, known as Imams, who they believe possess special spiritual and political authority over the community, infallibility and other divinely ordained traits.[11] Although there are many Shia subsects, modern Shia Islam has been divided into two main groupings: Twelvers and Ismailis, with Twelver Shia being the largest and most influential group among Shia.[
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