what is soil erosion? Explain it.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind or through forces associated with farming activities such as tillage.
✨ “Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming processes can replace it .”
✨ Generally, there is a balance between the soil forming process and the erosional process. The balance can be disturbed by natural or human factors .
Types of Soil Erosion ;-
(a) Water Erosion : Water is a powerful agent of soil erosion. Following are the major types of erosion caused by water .
(i) Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the running water, it is called as sheet erosion .
(ii) Rill Erosion : This is the second stage of sheet erosion . If erosion continues unchecked for a sufficient time, (rills) or small finger-shaped grooves which are a few centimetres in depth, may develop on the landscape . Over a period of time, the fine rills increase in number and also become deeper and wider, and resemble the twigs, branches and trunk of a tree . This is called as rill erosion .
(iii) Gully Erosion : This is the third stage of sheet erosion . With further erosion of the soil, the rills may deepen and become enlarged, and are ultimately turned into gullies . The main cause of gully erosion is the removal of vegetation, particularly of trees with their widespread binding roots . Gullies cut up agricultural land and the entire area may be turned into a bad land topography . Gully erosion is also responsible for the formation of ravines .
(b) Wind erosion : Wind is a powerful agent of erosion in arid and semi-arid lands with little rainfall . Wind can lift the valuable top soil from one area and deposits in another area . The wind erosion is very dangerous type of erosion because due to wind most of the deserts of the world are expanding .
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