What is soil? Types of soil.
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What is soil? Types of soil
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Soil is the upper layer of the earth composed of loose surface material. It is a mixture of many substances including many minerals, remnants of plants and animals, water and air. The health of the soil depends on its interaction between air, water, minerals, plant and animal remnants i.e. with its parent material. Soil is an important part of our ecosystem. Soil is the seat, and raw material for plant growth. It is the most fundamental resource of our country.
The soils of India are broadly divided in the following six types:
☞ Mountain Soil = There are many soils covered in this type. Slopes of mountains have gravelly, very small broken pieces of stones which in the latter part turn in finer stones mixed with alluvium and than deep alluvium in the river valleys, Steep part of the mountains not allow any deposit of soil. Orchards are grown on the slopes, rice in valley and potato almost in all areas.
☞ Alluvial soil = These soils are formed of deposit of silt and sand brought down by the rivers flowing from the Himalayas and the great Indian Plateau. These soils are very fertile. These cover the vast areas of the basins of Sutlej. Ganga, and Brahmaputra. Almost all the crops are grown on this soil.
☞ Black soil = The black soils cover large part of Maharashtra, some parts of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh and small parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. This soil is formed from volcanic lava. It has the quality of retaining moisture even during the dry season. This soil is good for growing cotton, sugarcane, wheat, onion, and some fruits.
☞ Red soil = These cover large part of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Chotanagpur Plateau and Meghalaya Plateau. These are formed from rocks like granite, and others. These are less fertile and are not as important as alluvial and black soils. This soil is suitable for rice, millet, maize, groundnut, tobacco and fruits.
☞ Laterite soil = These soils are found in areas of high altitude and heavy rainfall in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam and Meghalaya. The soils are least fertile. The crops generally grown are rice, millets, sugarcane, rubber, coffee and tea.
☞ Desert soil = The soil is sandy. The colour is either red or light brown. It is found in areas which has very low rainfall. When irrigation is available crops like cotton, rice, wheat, etc. can be grown with the help of fertilizers. The soils are found in western Rajasthan, western Haryana, southern Punjab, Saurashtra and Kuchchh.
Answer:
Soil can be defined as the organic and inorganic materials on the surface of the earth that provide the medium for plant growth. Soil develops slowly over time and is composed of many different materials. Inorganic materials, or those materials that are not living, include weathered rocks and minerals.
Soil Types
- Sandy soil. Sandy Soil is light, warm, dry and tend to be acidic and low in nutrients. ...
- Clay Soil. Clay Soil is a heavy soil type that benefits from high nutrients. ...
- Silt Soil. Silt Soil is a light and moisture retentive soil type with a high fertility rating. ...
- Peat Soil. ...
- Chalk Soil. ...
- Loam Soil.....
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