what is the application of paramagnetic substances?
Answers
Answer:
Paramagnetic materials include magnesium, molybdenum, lithium and tantalum. Unlike ferromagnets, paramagnets do not retain any magnetization in the absence of an externally applied magnetic field, because thermal motion randomizes the spin orientations responsible for magnetism.
I hope it will help you please follow me
Answer:
pls mark as brainlist answer
Explanation:
What are Paramagnetic Materials?
Paramagnetic materials have some unpaired electrons due to these unpaired electrons the net magnetic moment of all electrons in an atom is not added up to zero. Hence atomic dipole exists in this case. On applying external magnetic field the atomic dipole aligns in the direction of the applied external magnetic field. In this way, paramagnetic materials are feebly magnetized in the direction of the magnetizing field.
Paramagnetic materials are materials that tend to get weakly magnetized in the direction of the magnetizing field when placed in a magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials have a permanent dipole moment or permanent magnetic moment. However, if we remove the applied field the materials tend to lose their magnetism. This is because thermal motion randomizes the spin orientations of the electrons.
What are Paramagnetic Materials?
Paramagnetic materials have some unpaired electrons due to these unpaired electrons the net magnetic moment of all electrons in an atom is not added up to zero. Hence atomic dipole exists in this case. On applying external magnetic field the atomic dipole aligns in the direction of the applied external magnetic field. In this way, paramagnetic materials are feebly magnetized in the direction of the magnetizing field.
Paramagnetism can further be of two types.
In the first type, the magnetic moments are found in low concentrations which leads to its separation from one another. Their spins also do not interact.
In the second type, paramagnetism occurs due to the interactions between the magnetic moment. In this case. the interactions are very weak. Therefore, there is no net magnetization when the applied field is zero.
Properties of Paramagnetic Materials
When the net atomic dipole moment of an atom is not zero, the atoms of paramagnetic substances have permanent dipole moment due to unpaired spin.
The substances are weakly attracted by the magnetic field.
In the non-uniform external magnetic field, paramagnetic substances move from week field region to a strong field region.
A paramagnetic rod sets itself parallel to the field because the field is strongest near poles.
A paramagnetic liquid in a U-Tube ascends in the limb which is between the poles of the magnet.
The intensity of magnetization is very small, positive and directly proportional to the magnetizing field.
Magnetic susceptibility is small and positive.
The relative permeability is slightly greater than 1. The field inside the material is greater than the magnetizing field.
Magnetic field lines become more dense inside paramagnetic substances.
Magnetization of paramagnetic substances is inversely proportional to absolute temperature.
Paramagnetic substances obey Curie’s law, according to which magnetic susceptibility is inversely proportional to its Absolute Temperature.
The magnetic dipole moment of paramagnetic substances is small and parallel to the magnetizing field.
Paramagnetic Materials Examples
At this point, we have learnt that materials that show paramagnetism are paramagnetic. Nonetheless, true paramagnets are those materials that show magnetic susceptibility with respect to the Curie law. They also show paramagnetism regardless of the temperature range. Some of the examples of paramagnetic materials include iron oxide, oxygen, titanium, aluminium, transition metal complexes, etc.
Material Magnetic susceptibility, [10−5]
(SI units)
Tungsten 6.8
Caesium 5.1
Aluminium 2.2
Lithium 1.4
Magnesium 1.2
Sodium 0.72