what is the basis of five kingdom classification? What are the kingdoms write in detail about them
Answers
5 KINGDOM
The five kingdom system is the most common way of grouping living things based on simple distinctive characteristics. Classification systems are always changing as new information is made available. Modern technologies such as Genetics makes it possible to unravel evolutionary relationships to greater and greater detail. The five-kingdom system was developed by Robert H. Whittaker in 1969 and was built on the work of previous biologists such as Carolus Linnaeus.
Living things can be classified into five major kingdoms:
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)
Kingdom Monera
The Kingdom Monera consists of prokaryotic, unicellular organisms. No nuclear membrane or membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts, Golgi complex, mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum are present. Monera have a cell wall of protein plus polysaccharide compound, but not cellulose. They reproduce asexually by binary fission.
Kingdom Protista
Protista are eukaryotic and can be unicellular or simple multicellular. They reproduce sexually or asexually. Important examples of protists include the organism known as Plasmodium (which causes malaria), Amoeba and Euglena. There are two major groups of protists which include the Protozoans, whose cells are similar to animal cells in that they do not have cell walls and the plant-like cells which do have cell walls and are similar to algae.
Kingdom Fungi
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be multicellular or unicellular. Mushrooms and moulds are examples of multicellular fungi and yeast is an example of a unicellular fungi. All fungi have a cell wall made of chitin. They are non-motile (not capable of movement) and consist of threads called hyphae. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms which means they require organic compounds of carbon and nitrogen for nourishment. They are important as decomposers (saprophytes) and can be parasitic. They store carbon as glycogen, not in the form of starch. Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually by spore formation
Kingdom Plantae
Organisms belonging to the plant kingdom are eukaryotic and multicellular organisms. They have a distinct cell wall made of cellulose. Cells are organised into true plant tissues. Plants contain plastids and photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll. They are non-motile. Plants make their own food by photosynthesis and are therefore said to be autotrophic. Plants undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction. They store food as starch. Important examples of plants are mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering plants
Kingdom Animalia
Members of the animal kingdom are eukaryotic and multicellular but have no cell wall or photosynthetic pigments. They are mostly motile and they are heterotrophic, which means they must feed on other organisms and cannot make their own food. They reproduce sexually or asexually. Animals store carbon as glycogen and fat. Important examples of this kingdom include: Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria (jellyfish), Nematoda (nematode worms), Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Annelidas (segmented worms), Mollusca (Snails and Squid), Echinodermata (starfish), Arthropoda (Insects and Crustaceans), Chordata (includes all the vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).
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♦ Five Kingdom of Classification introduced by - R.H Whittaker in 1969.
➧ Five Kingdoms 0f Classification are:-
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❶❭ Kingdom Monera:-━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are the simplest unicellular & prokaryotic organisms.
❱ They are typically unicellular organisms but one group is mycelial.
❱ The genetic material in these organisms is the naked circular DNA.
❱ Bacterial flagellar if present a simple and composed of a single fibre of protein.
❱ They may be Photo-autotrophs or Chemo-autotrophs.
◉Ex:- Cyanobacteria & Mycoplasm
❷❭ Kingdom Protista:-━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are the first simple unicellular eukaryotes organisms.
❱ They have a well-defined nucleus & also membrane bound cell organelles.
❱ Locomotion occurs with the help of Cilia, Flagella & Pseudopodia.
❱ They are mostly unicellular but some like algae are multicellular.
❱ Most of live in water & some in moist soil or even the body of human & plants.
◉Ex:- Amoeba & Euglena
❸❭ Kingdom Fungi:-━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are simple, Eukaryotes, Non-green, Heterotrophic & multicellular organisms.
❱ Cell wall is made up of chitin.
❱ They store food at Glycogen.
❱ They are mostly multicellular expcept Yeast.
❱ They reproduce by spore formation.
❱ They live in symbiotic relationship with blue-green algae.
◉Ex:- Yeast & Penicillin
❹❭ Kingdom Plantae:-━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They includes multicellular & green eukaryotes.
❱ Their cell wall are made up of cellulose.
❱ They Stored food in the form of Starch & 0il.
❱ Plant grow throughout their life.
❱ They are autotrophs.
❱ They have an ability to grow by cell division.
❱ They contain photosynthetic pigments which are present in plastids.
◉Ex:- All green photosynthetic plants
❺❭ Kingdom Animalia:-━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They includes multicellular & non green eukaryotes.
❱ Cell wall is absent.
❱ They Stored food in the form of Glycogen & fat.
❱ They have limited growth which stop after maturity.
❱ They are Heterotrophic.
❱ Ingestive nutrition & digestion.
❱ Higher level of tissue organization.
❱ 0rgans are internal.
◉Ex:- All Animals
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