what is the civil engineering basic for create building stepby step procees
Answers
Brainstorm with other funder/executors
Talk to City Planner
Rough sketch some ideas with executors/friends
Talk to neighbors
Integrated Design Process
Interview architects (test them with some small space design questions: eg. What are a couple things that you would do to make a small space feel and act bigger? tall ceilings, join living/dining room, high windows, coupling functionality
Find builders and subs (ideally, you want to have identified a builder, plumber, mechanical, electrical subcontractor)
Architect draws up schematics for consideration
Have meeting- talk through design goals
Schematic refinement
3D model (use SketchUp)
Develop drawings for City
Permit process- In Portland, processing takes 10 days for new construction, then another 10 days for corrections
Permits
Construction Process
Break Ground
Excavation
Foundation
Concrete Forms
Pour Foundation Wall
Concrete Slab Pour
Gravel
Water Barrier
Rigid Foam
Rebar (and PEX tubing for radiant floor heating)
Pour Concrete for Slab
Utilities
Sewer, Electrical, Water, Gas
Framing
Balloon Framing
Sheathing
Roof
Stairs
Windows
Roofing
Weather Resistant Barrier
Rain Screen
Rough Plumbing
Mechanical Sytems
HVAC
Lighting and Electrical
Ambient
Task
Accent
Perimeter
Air Sealing
Insulation
Spray Foam, Blown-in Insulation, or Batt Insulation
Drywall
Sheetrock, Mudding, Sanding, Primer
Siding
Flooring
Tiling
Painting
Cabinets, Shelving
Finish Plumbing
Finish Electrical and Lighting
Certificate of Occupancy
Modifications
Moving In
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Construction of building required following paper work before the start of actual construction. These steps are;
1.Preparation of drawings as per requirements of consumers.
2.Estimation of material cost, labor cost & contingencies.
3.Approval of drawings & estimates from Client.
4.Approval of drawings from City Development Authority. It is most important because residential building drawings should meet the authority defined rules.
5.Start of construction work either through contractor or labor hired on daily basis.
6.Marking of plot boundaries.
7.Cleaning of plot.
8.Preparation of site layout as per drawing.
After the completion of documentation work, the actual construction on plot begins. Following are the steps;
EARTH WORK
Generally excavation is carried out for the construction of wall foundations. Excavation should be carried out as per the drawings defined lengths & widths. After excavation, layout the foundation and backfill the remaining excavated area around foundation with soil.
Floor levels of residential buildings are higher than the natural ground level. Fill the area with soil up to floor levels and compact the soil. Now earth work of residential building is finished.
CONCRETE WORK IN FOUNDATION
It is very necessary to check the levels of foundation before concrete work. There are patches where excavated depth slightly exceeds and vice versa. Level the foundation base to same level. Now pour the concrete as per drawing specs. Generally concrete of ratio 1:4:8 is used for foundation. Sometimes it is even 1:5:10 or 1:6:20.
Here 1:4:8 means;
1 part cement per cubic
4 parts of sand per cubic
8 parts of coarse aggregates
Depth of foundation varies from 9” to 18” and normally for most of the cases it is considered as 12’’ depth. Keep foundation width equals to its depth.
DAMP PROOF COARSE (D.P.C)
To protect walls from moisture, a layer of damp proof coarse material is laid down at floor level. Thickness of this concrete layer is 0f 1 inch. Material of damp proof coarse layer consists of concrete ratio 1:1.5:3 with a mixture of water proof material 1kg/bag.
MASONRY WORK
Masonry work is carried out with cement mortar. Cement mortar is a mixture of cement & sand. Ratio of cement mortar varies from 1:4 to 1:6. Here (1:6) mean, 1 part cement and 6 parts of sand. Dampen about 25 bricks with a hose pipe and clean away all loose dirt from the top of footing and moisten about a meter of surface at one end of the foundation with the hose pipe. Throw a mortar line just behind the threaded level line and lay bricks on the mortar bed. Make sure bricks exactly follow the threaded horizontal level line.
LINTEL
Masonry work of buildings is carried out in one go till roof. Openings for windows & doors are left during masonry works. Reinforced cement concrete beams are laid down on the top of openings. So, those loads of structure above openings not directly come on to the door frames.
ROOFING
Roof slab of building is poured after completion of masonry works. Now a days, roofing is of reinforced cement concrete slab. Slab thickness & reinforcement details should be according to approved drawings.
PLASTERING & POINTING
Form work is removed after 14 days of slab pouring. Now plaster work begins. Mortar for plaster work is generally of 1:3 or 1:4 is used. Thickness of plaster layer should not be more than 0.75inch. Cure the surface about 7 days. So that, plaster gain proper strength.
Generally, internal walls of buildings are covered with plastered layer and external walls with pointing. It is better plaster the external walls rather than pointing.
DOORS & WINDOWS
Traditionally, doors and windows of woods are used. But, steel & aluminum is also not a bad choice. In case of wooden doors & windows, frames are fixed in walls during masonry work. Panels are then fixed with hinges after plaster work. Steel and aluminum doors are fixed after completion of paint work.
SERVICES
Services are very important for every single house. Different types of services are provided during construction. These are Electricity supply, gas supply, water supply, sanitary etc. Conduits for electric supply are fixed in walls before plastering. Similarly water supply and sanitary lines are also laid before pouring of building floor. Note that gas lines are not fixed in walls or slabs. Gas line remains open in air.