What is the condensation of phenol and formaldehyde?
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The materials are reacted to a suitable
endpoint, cooled under vacuum, and
- usually distilled to remove the water present from the formaldehyde solution as well as the water of condensation from the polymerization reaction.
A cyclic urea prepolymer in phenol/formaldehyde resins acts as a plasticizer for the resin.
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Phenol-formaldehyde condensation products are one of the lowest cost adhesives for structural purposes. The condensation reaction can be carried out under basic or acidic conditions. The former case leads to 'resols', while acidic condensation produces 'novolacs', shown in (11) and (12), respectively.
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