What is the Dalton Theory?
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Dalton’s Atomic Theory was a scientific theory on the nature of matter put forward by the English physicist and chemist John Dalton in the year 1808. It stated that all matter was made up of small, indivisible particles known as ‘atoms’. The postulates and limitations of Dalton’s atomic theory are listed below.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory stated:-
- All matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
- All atoms of a specific element are identical in mass, size, and other properties. However, atoms of different element exhibit different properties and vary in mass and size.
- Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed. Furthermore, atoms cannot be divided into smaller particles.
- Atoms of different elements can combine with each other in fixed whole-number ratios in order to form compounds.
- Atoms can be rearranged, combined, or separated in chemical reactions.
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According to Dalton's atomic theory, all matter, whether an element, a compound or a mixture is composed of small particles called atoms. The postulates of this theory may be stated as follows:
(i) All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms.
(ii) Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
(iii) Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties.
(iv) Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.
(v) Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.
(vi) The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound.
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