What is the difference between a battery and a capacitor?
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1. Battery stores energy in chemical form. Capacitor stores energy inside it in electrical energy form inside the dielectric medium or between two plates.
2. Battery maintains a constant voltage between the two terminals. It has a small internal resistance. Capacitor has a diminishing voltage across it as the charge gets discharged from it. In reality a capacitor may also have an internal resistance.
DC battery and Capacitor both give out DC current in one direction.
2. Battery maintains a constant voltage between the two terminals. It has a small internal resistance. Capacitor has a diminishing voltage across it as the charge gets discharged from it. In reality a capacitor may also have an internal resistance.
DC battery and Capacitor both give out DC current in one direction.
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3. Rechargeable batteries can be charged again like capacitors can be charged again... But non-rechargeable primary cells alkaline cannot be charged again. They are thrown after discharge.
4. Batteries take a lot of time to charge and retain power for a long time. Capacitors discharge is quicker usually.
5. Capacitors can be recharged and discharged any number of times.. Rechargeable batteries usually can be charged up to say 1000 times or 5000 times ..a limit like that.
6. Chemical energy stored in a battery per unit volume is usually more than energy in electrical field in capacitor per unit volume. So for the same total power/energy supplied, batteries are smaller than capacitors.
7. Battery terminals + and - are usually fixed depending on the electrode. A capacitor's terminals are usually identical. Any end can be chosen to be + or -.
8. Loss of electrical energy while they are charged is different in both. Perhaps capacitor loses more energy and is less efficient.
9. A capacitors capacity can be enhanced by using a dielectric of higher capacity or dielectric constant, Area of metal plates used. Battery capacity can be increased by increasing electrolyte, and its concentration.
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