Question

What is the difference between acids and bases​

Answer 1

Answer:

Acid:An acid is a molecule or substance that has a pH value less than 7.0 when it is present in an aqueous solution. An aqueous solution is any solution where water is a solvent. Acids are termed as compounds that donate H+ (hydrogen ion) to another compound known as base.

Base: A base (alkaline) is a molecule or substance that has a pH value higher than 7.0 when present in an aqueous solution. Bases are the exact chemical opposite of acids. In chemistry. They are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH−) ions.

Answer 2

Answer:

$\pink{Acid}$

Acids are classified as:

• Strong acids, such as nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) respectively.

• Strong Lewis acids, such as AlCl3 (anhydrous aluminium chloride) and BF3 (boron trifluoride).

• Concentrated weak acids, such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) and formic acid (CH2O2).

• Lewis acids with specific reactivity, for example; solutions of ZnCl2 (zinc chloride).

• Superacids, which are extremely strong acids.

$\blue{Bases}$

Bases are classified as:

• Alkalis or Caustics, such as NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and KOH (potassium hydroxide).

• Concentrated weak bases, such as NH3 (ammonia) in a concentrated solution.

• Alkali metals in metallic form, (i.e. elemental sodium), and hydrides of alkaline and alkali earth metals, i.e. NaH (sodium hydride), which function as a strong hydrate and bases to produce caustics.

• Superbases, which are extremely strong bases, such as metal amides, alkoxides, (i.e. NaNH2 – sodium amide) and C4H9Li (butyllithium), which is an organometallic base.