What is the different between liberal and Marxist approach to study indian politics
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Answer:
Marxism is an idea for a utopia state that is cashless, leaderless, secular, and populist. Many ideas have been built upon it, but at its core it is the belief that a revolution brought forward by industrial workers will lead to a state where the proletariat (working class) rule by gathering their resources together for community goals. From each man according to his ability, to each man according to his need.
It has also repeatedly been proven impossible to implement in any large scarcity based society. Any and all attempts to create Marxist states have
failed, usually falling into totalitarianism, and maintaining reliance on religion, capitalism, and a ruling class.
Liberalism is a political outlook that might or might not exist within a democratic society, though usually does. It can be split into two main forms:
social and fiscal.
Social liberalism tends to rest on the notion that freedom and equality should be maximised outside of actions that negatively affect others. This means
that policies such as legalising cannabis, allowing abortion, and having same-sex marriage are liberal in nature. Social liberalism is, depending on who
you talk to, inclusive of or confused with progressivism. Progressivism is the belief that new ideas and solutions should be adopted, policies such as reducing climate change are progressive in nature.
Fiscal liberalism tends to hold that government intervention in markets is, or can be, a positive influence. This might involve some, most, or all of the following: universal healthcare, nationalised transport (nationalised-belonging to the country
rather than a company), nationalised industry, larger/better funded police force, larger/better funded fire brigade, social security, subsidised housing, universal basic income, increased taxation,etc.
To summarize, Marxism is a statement about what type of society should exist, liberalism is a statement about how society should be run. For the most part, both ideas are mutually exclusive: a
society cannot be truly Marxist and truly liberal.