Question

What is the direction of surface tension in capillary rise?

Answer 1

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WHAT IS SURFACE TENSION?

Surface tension is a property of liquids that arises from unbalanced molecular cohesive forces at or near a surface. At an air water interface the surface tension results from the greater attraction of water molecules to each other (due to cohesion) than to the molecules in the air (due to adhesion). The net effect is an inward force at its surface that causes water to behave as if its surface were covered with a stretched elastic membrane. Because of the relatively high attraction of water molecules for each other, water has a high surface tension.

Surface tension arises from the strong interactions between water molecules, called hydrogen bonding. It is this strong interaction which also manifests in the other unusual property of water such as its high boiling point.

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