Question

What is the effect of a high level of hormone in a bud?

Answer 1

Answer:

Flower bud differentiation is an important sign that a plant is undergoing a transition from

vegetative growth to reproductive growth [6]. This transition covers many complicated morphological

and physiological changes and is the comprehensive response of plants to various signal states [7].

Endogenous hormones are the key factors in flower bud differentiation [8–12] and are important media

for the formation of flower organs [13–15]. The plant hormones that considerably influence flower bud

differentiation are gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and indoleacetic

acid (IAA) [16]. Their effects on flowering vary between plants [17,18]. For example, GA can facilitate

flower formation in plants, such as long-day (LD) and biennial plants [19], and inhibits it in others,

such as apples [20], lychees [21], and Arabidopsis thaliana [22]. However, flower bud differentiation is

a very complex process, and a single hormone by itself is not enough to have a significant impact on

plants [7,23]. In roses, flower bud differentiation is greatly influenced by the hormone content and

ratio because they affect the use of nutrients. High ABA:GA3, ABA:IAA, ZR:GA3, and ZR:IAA ratios

are conducive to flower bud differentiation[18]. In particular, a high ZR:GA ratio is beneficial to apple

bud formation [24], and a high ABA:GA ratio is conducive to flower bud initiation and differentiation

in Lycoris radiata [25]. In cotton, high ZR:IAA and GA3:IAA imply a high number of flower buds