Question

what is the effect of following on rate of diffusion;
1. temperature
2. density of liquid

Answer 1

hi
The greater the density, lower the rate of diffusion. This is because heavier particles find it much harder to move around as compared to lighter particles. 
Graham's law of effusion (also calledGraham's law of diffusion) was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham in 1848.[1] Graham found experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles.[1] This formula can be written as:

{\displaystyle {{\mbox{Rate}}_{1} \over {\mbox{Rate}}_{2}}={\sqrt {M_{2} \over M_{1}}}},

where:

Rate1 is the rate of effusion for the first gas. (volume or number of moles per unit time).Rate2 is the rate of effusion for the second gas.M1 is the molar mass of gas 1M2 is the molar mass of gas 2.

Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion or of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight. Thus, if the molecular weight of one gas is four times that of another, it would diffuse through a porous plug or escape through a small pinhole in a vessel at half the rate of the other (heavier gases diffuse more slowly). A complete theoretical explanation of Graham's law was provided years later by the kinetic theory of gases. Graham's law provides a basis for separating isotopes by diffusion—a method that came to play a crucial role in the development of the atomic bomb.[2]
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Answer 2

Explanation:

Diffusion is the rate at which a gas spreads.

At high temperature, the kinetic energy of gas molecules increases as a result the collision between the molecules increases. Therefore, the molecules will spread more quickly.

Hence, on increasing the temperature, the rate of diffusion also increases.

Whereas density is the mass per unit volume. According to Graham's law, rate  of diffusion or effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.

Mathematically, $\frac{Rate_{1}}{Rate_{2}}= \sqrt{\frac{M_{2}}{M_{1}}}$

where,

            $R_{1}$ = rate of diffusion of first gas

            $R_{1}$ = rate of diffusion of second gas

            $M_{1}$ = mass of first gas

             $M_{2}$ = mass of second gas

Relation between mass and density is as follows.

             $Density = \frac{Mass}{Volume}$

     or,            Mass = $Density \times Volume$    ............(1)      

Therefore, using equation (1), the rate of diffusion will be as follows.

       $\frac{Rate_{1}}{Rate_{2}}= \sqrt{\frac{Density_{2} \times Volume_{2}}{Density_{1} \times Volume_{1}}$

As we can see from the above relation that density is inversely proportional to the square root of rate of diffusion. Hence, rate of diffusion will decrease on increasing the density or vice versa.

Thus, we can conclude that rate of diffusion increases on increasing the temperature and rate of diffusion decreases on increasing the density.