Question

What is the formula to calculate p value?

Answer 1

for quadratic equations => b^2 - 4ac = 0 ; ax^2 + bx + c = 0
for quadratic polynomial => alpha + beta = -b/a , alpha * beta = c/a
                                    where ax^2 + bx + c 
for cubic polynomial => alpha + beta + gamma = -b/a ,
                                      alpha * beta * gamma = -d/a
                                      alpha*beta + beta*gamma + gamma*alpha = c/a 
                           where ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d