What is the function of a premise in an argument? (1 mark)
2. Explain the condition necessary for an argument to be valid. (1 mark)
3. What is the condition necessary for an argument to be sound (1 mark)
4. Identify the following as factual or value claim and give reasons for your answer
a. The cloning of humans is disgusting (1 mark)
b. Smoking is unhealthy (1 mark)
Identify the following arguments as Valid or Invalid (5-7).
5. All snakes are reptiles
Mosquitos are snakes
Therefore, Mosquitos are reptiles. (1 mark)
6 All snakes are reptiles
Mosquitos are reptiles
Therefore, Mosquitos are snakes (1 mark)
7. All Ghanaians are Africans.
Kofi is an African.
Therefore, Kofi is a Ghanaian
Answers
Answer:
1) A premise is a proposition upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn. ... A premise may be either the major or the minor proposition of a syllogism—an argument in which two premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them—in a deductive argument.
2) Validity and Soundness. A deductive argument is said to be valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. ... In effect, an argument is valid if the truth of the premises logically guarantees the truth of the conclusion.
3) Soundness: An argument is sound if it meets these two criteria: (1) It is valid. (2) Its premises are true. In other words, a sound argument has the right form AND it is true. Note #3: A sound argument will always have a true conclusion.
4) One of the main ethic issue which bother most people is about this research procedure is it can be painful for animal and often result in mental and physical damage. Another ethic problem is that clone created for medical purpose have very poor life as tests are constantly being conducted on them.
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