Question

What is the function of cytosin,adenine,thymine and guanine?Explain with a digram.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

DNA Nucleotides

The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides. Nucleotides that compose DNA are called deoxyribonucleotides. The three components of a deoxyribonucleotide are a five-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base, a nitrogen-containing ring structure that is responsible for complementary base pairing between nucleic acid strands (Figure 1). The carbon atoms of the five-carbon deoxyribose are numbered 1ʹ, 2ʹ, 3ʹ, 4ʹ, and 5ʹ (1ʹ is read as “one prime”). A nucleoside comprises the five-carbon sugar and nitrogenous base.

a) At the center of a deoxyribonucleotide is a deoxyribose sugar. This is a pentagon shape with O at the top and H attached to the bottom right Carbon and OH attached to the bottom right Carbon. Attached to the upper left carbon is a phosphate group which consists of a Phosphate attached to 4 oxygens. Attached to the upper right carbon of the sugar is a base which consists of 1 or 2 rings that contain both carbon and nitrogen. B) A more detailed drawing of deoxyribose. This is a pentagon shaped structure with oxygen at the top corner. Moving clockwise, the upper right corner has a carbon labeled 1-prime. There is an OH attached to this carbon. The bottom right carbon is labeled 2-prime and has an H attached to it. The bottom left carbon is labeled 3-prime and has an OH group attached to it. The upper left carbon is labeled 4-prime and has CH2OH attached. This last carbon is labeled 5-prime.

Figure 1. (a) Each deoxyribonucleotide is made up of a sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base—in this case, adenine. (b) The five carbons within deoxyribose are designated as 1ʹ, 2ʹ, 3ʹ, 4ʹ, and 5ʹ.

The deoxyribonucleotide is named according to the nitrogenous bases (Figure 2). The nitrogenous bases adenine (A) and guanine (G) are the purines; they have a double-ring structure with a six-carbon ring fused to a five-carbon ring. The pyrimidines, cytosine (C) and thymine (T), are smaller nitrogenous bases that have only a six-carbon ring structure.