Question

What is the gold foil experiment? Name the scientist who performed this experiment. Write the conclusions and shortcomings of Rutherford's model of atom.

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus.

In 1911, Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment

(i) Most of the a-particles passed straight through the foil without any deflection. This concluded that most of the space inside of an atom is empty. (ii) A few particles were deflected through small angle and few through larger angles. This happened due to positive charge on particles and core (nucleus) of the atom.

PLS MARK AS BRILLIANT

Answer 2

REQUIRED ANSWER:-

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎In 1909, Ernest Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment through which he gave the concept of nucleus based its results. He bombarded a thin gold foil with $\pmb{\alpha}$ particles. The foil was surrounded by a spherical screen of zinc sulphide and the $\alpha$ particles were condensed to a narrow beam by passing them through a pair of positively charged parallel plates, as shown in the attachment.

His observations were:

• Most of the $\alpha$ particles passed straight through the gold foil without any deflection.
• Few $\alpha$ particles were reflected through small angles and few were deflected through large angles.
• Very few $\alpha$ - particles completely rebounded.

★ Postulates of Rutherford's Atomic Model:

1. Atom consists mostly of empty space.
2. The entire positively charged particles are present in the centre of the atomic sphere, which concentrated positively charged mass within the atom, called the nucleus.
3. The size of the nucleus is very small compared to the size of the total volume of the atom.
4. The electrons within an atom always revolve around the nucleus at various distances, at very high speeds.

★ Drawbacks of Rutherford's Atomic Model:

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎Rutherford's model couldn't explain the stability of an atom. Electron is a charged particle moving around the oppositely charged nucleus and an electrically charged particle revolving around in a circular path radiates energy continuosly. Hence, an electron revolving around the nucleus should radiate energy and gradually move towards the nucleus. This gives a spiral path for the electron, which should finally collide with the nucleus and the atom would collapse. But atoms are quite stable.

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