Question

what is the hybridisation of oxygen in phenol and nitrogen in benzenamine and why?

Answer 1

The oxygen atom in phenol is sp3 hybridized.Two of the sp3 orbitals are involved in bonding to hydrogen or carbon,& the remaining two contain lone pair or non bonding electrons.
Hybridization of N in aniline(benzenamine)lies between sp3 & sp2.Lone pair of N can be delocalized into ring best if N is sp2 & lone pair is in a p orbital.Lone pair bound most strongly by N if pair is in an sp3 orbital of N,rather than p.Actual hybridization is compromise that maximizes binding of lone pair.