What is the impact of colonial policies on peasants and craftsmen??
Answers
The Colonial exploitation of the indian peasants led to the peasants movements. we critically analyse the british policies, how these affected the peasants. These became the causes of their retaliation in the form of revolt:-
1. The british raised the land revenue to nearly double the amount collected under the mughals.
2. In the vast Zamindari areas, the peasants were left to the mercy of the Zamindars who rack-rented them and compelled them to pay the illegal dues and perform begar.
3. In the areas where Ryotwari system was introduced, the government itself levied heavy land revenue.
4. Unable to pay land revenue, the peasants were forced to borrow money from money lenders. This led large number of peasants into growing indebtedness and compelled them to sell their lands.
5. The new landlords, bereft of any traditional paternalism towards their tenants, pushed up rents to ruinous heights and evicted them in case of non-payment.
6. The new legal system was in favour of money-lenders and landlords.
7. Flogging, torture and jailing of the peasants for arrears of rent or land revenue or interest on debt was commpn.
8. The ruin of indian handicraft industries by the british made the artisans become land labourers, which further complicated the situation.
9. Gradually, over the large areas the peasants were reduced to landless labourers, while their lands, crops and cattle passed into the hands of landlords and money-lenders.
The peasants could take it no longer, they resisted against the oppression and exploitation, their target was the indigenous exploiters and the colonial administration in the beginning but later it became the colonial state.
The Colonial exploitation of the indian peasants led to the peasants movements. we critically analyse the british policies, how these affected the peasants. These became the causes of their retaliation in the form of revolt:-
1. The british raised the land revenue to nearly double the amount collected under the mughals.
2. In the vast Zamindari areas, the peasants were left to the mercy of the Zamindars who rack-rented them and compelled them to pay the illegal dues and perform begar.
3. In the areas where Ryotwari system was introduced, the government itself levied heavy land revenue.
4. Unable to pay land revenue, the peasants were forced to borrow money from money lenders. This led large number of peasants into growing indebtedness and compelled them to sell their lands.
5. The new landlords, bereft of any traditional paternalism towards their tenants, pushed up rents to ruinous heights and evicted them in case of non-payment.
6. The new legal system was in favour of money-lenders and landlords.
7. Flogging, torture and jailing of the peasants for arrears of rent or land revenue or interest on debt was commpn.
8. The ruin of indian handicraft industries by the british made the artisans become land labourers, which further complicated the situation.
9. Gradually, over the large areas the peasants were reduced to landless labourers, while their lands, crops and cattle passed into the hands of landlords and money-lenders.
The peasants could take it no longer, they resisted against the oppression and exploitation, their target was the indigenous exploiters and the colonial administration in the beginning but later it became the colonial state.
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