What is the most polarizing radiation?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Circularly polarized radiation is a valuable tool for the study of the electronic, magnetic, and geometric structures of a wide variety of materials. The dichroic response in the soft x-ray spectral region (100 to 1500 eV) is especially important because in this energy range almost every element has a strong dipole transition from a sharp core level to its lowest unoccupied state [13].
The production of bright sources of circularly polarized soft x-rays is therefore a topic of keen interest, and is a problem which has seen a multitude of solutions, from special insertion devices (crossed undulators, helical undulators, elliptically polarized undulators/wigglers) to optical devices (multiple-bounce reflectors/multilayers, and quarter-wave plates). However, standard bending magnet synchrotron radiation sources are good sources of elliptically polarized soft x-rays when viewed from either above or below the orbital plane.
As discussed by Chen [13], a practical solution involves acceptance of a finite vertical angular range, ψoff – Δψ/2 < ψ < ψoff + Δψ/2 centered about any vertical offset angle ψ = ψoff or, equivalently, about ψ = −ψoff. This slice of bending magnet radiation exhibits a circular polarization [14]:
(16)
where Ah = K2/3(ξ) and Av = γψ/(1 + γ2ψ2)1/2K1/3(ξ) are proportional to the square roots of the horizontally and vertically polarized components of bending magnet flux [Eq. (8)], that is, Ah and Av are proportional to the horizontal and vertical components of the electric field, respectively. The value of Pc depends on the