Question

what is the nature of charge on:
i) Alpha particles
ii)Anode rays
iii) Cathode rays

Answer 1

1.alpha particles-He+2
2.anode ray-positive
3.cathode ray-negative.

Answer 2

hii friend

I will glad to discuss about this topic
thanks for asking this.
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So, let know about it.

=> Alpha particles:- These are positively charged particle with 2 units of positive charge and 4 units of mass. These are nothing but the positively charged helium (He) atom or Helium ion (He^2+).

you might be wondering about that 2 units of positive charge and 4 units of mass so let me explain it.

As the helium ion (He^2) has zero negatively charged particles (electrons) and have two positively charged particles (protons) in its nucleus that's why alpha particles have 2 units of positive charge.

and as it has zero electron , 2 proton and 2 nuetron then it's mass is calculated as sum of proton and neutron particle that is 2+2= 4 unit.
hope you understand that why it has 4 units of mass.

Alpha particles mainly emitted by Radioactive elements like radium.

Rutherford had used these particles in his experiment of gold foil.

=> Cathode ray :-- Sir J. J Thomson was doing his experiment of cathode ray tube.

In his experiment he found that in a cathode ray tube , the greenish beam of a light is forming and the greenish light is nothing but the stream of small , negatively charged particles called electron.

So, you might be again wondering about cathode ray tube.

••Cathode ray tube :-- it is a sealed evacuated flask that is connected by two electrodes named as anode and cathode where there is high voltage supply in it.
all the air inside it is get removed by vacuum pump in order to remove the poor conductor of electricity that is air.

So, cathode ray is nothing but the stream of negatively charged particles called as electrons.

let know your third point that is anode rays.

=>Anode rays:-- After the discovery of electrons , E. Goldstein was discovering the positively charged particles called as protons.

so he modified the Thomson's cathode ray tube. In that tube , he placed the cathode in the centre of that tube and used the perforated cathode. perforated cathode means cathode with small holes. he filled flask with hydrogen gas.

when he pass High Voltage through it he sure that the cathode ray was emitted by that as usual but behind that perforated cathode he sure some positively charged particle also emitting.

Actually when he pass electricity through the tube the hydrogen gas or H2 get split into hydrogen atoms(H) and when the high speed stream of electrons gets striked by that hydrogen atom then all the electrons get knock out from the atom. and as a Residue the proton particles of an atom get back attracted toward the cathode. and hence form the stream of positively charged particle called as anode rays.

••So, anode rays are the stream of positively charged particles called as protons.

Hope you understand that what is difference between alpha particles , cathode rays and anode rays.
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From brainly star Amaytripathi19