what is the need and significance of pollution in plant?
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Water pollution can have dire consequences for plants, animals and even ecosystems as a whole. The specific effects vary depending on what pollutants enter the environment. Sometimes, water pollution causes an explosion of new plant growth by providing necessary nutrients and food. Other times, it can harm or kill plants by changing growing conditions, such as by raising or lowering the environment’s acidity.
Fertilizers
Plants must take in nutrients from the surrounding environment to grow. Nitrogen and phosphorous, in particular, encourage growth because they are instrumental in photosynthesis. This is why they are common ingredients in plant fertilizers. When agricultural runoff pollutes waterways with nitrogen- and phosphorous-rich fertilizers, the nutrient-enriched waters often see blooms of growth. Sometimes, too much growth can be harmful, as when plant-like algae bloom in polluted waters and create oxygen-depleted dead zones. One solution is to plant seaweed farms in areas that get a lot of farm runoff. Seaweed can soak up the excess nutrients and be harvested for consumption.
Marine Debris
Marine debris is garbage that accumulates in the ocean. Plastic debris that builds up at or near the water’s surface impedes sunlight from fully reaching plants below Plants rely on energy from sunlight to drive the photosynthesis process and create glucose food molecules. By blocking sunlight, marine debris prevents plants from creating glucose at full capacity, which stunts their growth.
Acid Rain
Water pollution that alters a plant’s surrounding pH level, such as acid rain, can harm or kill the plant. Acid rain forms because of atmospheric sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, which are emitted from natural and human-made sources. These include volcanic activity and burning fossil fuels. These compounds interact with common atmospheric chemicals, including hydrogen and oxygen, to form sulfuric and nitric acids in the air. These acids return to earth through precipitation, such as rain or snow. Once acid rain reaches the ground, it flows into waterways that carry its acidic compounds into bodies of water. Acid rain that collects in aquatic environments lowers water pH levels, killing plants that cannot live in these more acidic conditions.
Phytotoxicity
When chemical pollutants build up in aquatic or terrestrial environments, plants can absorb these chemicals through their roots. Phytotoxicity occurs when toxic chemicals poison plants. Signs of phytotoxicity include poor growth, dying seedlings and dead spots on leaves. For example, mercury poisoning -- which many people associate with fish -- can also affect aquatic plants, as mercury compounds build up in plant roots and bodies. This begins a chain of bioaccumulation as animals feed on polluted food and increasing levels of mercury work their way up the food chain.
Water pollution can have dire consequences for plants, animals and even ecosystems as a whole. The specific effects vary depending on what pollutants enter the environment. Sometimes, water pollution causes an explosion of new plant growth by providing necessary nutrients and food. Other times, it can harm or kill plants by changing growing conditions, such as by raising or lowering the environment’s acidity.
Fertilizers
Plants must take in nutrients from the surrounding environment to grow. Nitrogen and phosphorous, in particular, encourage growth because they are instrumental in photosynthesis. This is why they are common ingredients in plant fertilizers. When agricultural runoff pollutes waterways with nitrogen- and phosphorous-rich fertilizers, the nutrient-enriched waters often see blooms of growth. Sometimes, too much growth can be harmful, as when plant-like algae bloom in polluted waters and create oxygen-depleted dead zones. One solution is to plant seaweed farms in areas that get a lot of farm runoff. Seaweed can soak up the excess nutrients and be harvested for consumption.
Marine Debris
Marine debris is garbage that accumulates in the ocean. Plastic debris that builds up at or near the water’s surface impedes sunlight from fully reaching plants below Plants rely on energy from sunlight to drive the photosynthesis process and create glucose food molecules. By blocking sunlight, marine debris prevents plants from creating glucose at full capacity, which stunts their growth.
Acid Rain
Water pollution that alters a plant’s surrounding pH level, such as acid rain, can harm or kill the plant. Acid rain forms because of atmospheric sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, which are emitted from natural and human-made sources. These include volcanic activity and burning fossil fuels. These compounds interact with common atmospheric chemicals, including hydrogen and oxygen, to form sulfuric and nitric acids in the air. These acids return to earth through precipitation, such as rain or snow. Once acid rain reaches the ground, it flows into waterways that carry its acidic compounds into bodies of water. Acid rain that collects in aquatic environments lowers water pH levels, killing plants that cannot live in these more acidic conditions.
Phytotoxicity
When chemical pollutants build up in aquatic or terrestrial environments, plants can absorb these chemicals through their roots. Phytotoxicity occurs when toxic chemicals poison plants. Signs of phytotoxicity include poor growth, dying seedlings and dead spots on leaves. For example, mercury poisoning -- which many people associate with fish -- can also affect aquatic plants, as mercury compounds build up in plant roots and bodies. This begins a chain of bioaccumulation as animals feed on polluted food and increasing levels of mercury work their way up the food chain.
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Soil pollution can take many forms. It may be the result of air or water pollution settling into topsoil, or it may stem from the intentional burial of toxic substances in an attempt to mitigate their harmful effects. Pesticides, radioactive waste, hydrocarbons, organic waste, lead and heavy metals can all cause soil pollution, and each of these contaminants can have long-term effects on an ecosystem and the environment in general.
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