Question

What is the percent by mass of 12 M HCl?

Answer 1

Knowing the concentration is about  12 M

(it's specifically about  12.06 M ), we can assume a volume of  1 L

to calculate the mass density.

12 mols HCl /L solution × 36.4609 g /mol HCl = 437.5308 g HCl /L solution

Based on the mass density, we can calculate the mass percent by converting the solution volume to its mass.

12 mols HCl /L solution × 1 cm ³/1.17 g solution × 1 mL /1 cm³ × 1 L /1000 mL = 0.374

Or, about  37.4% w/w . Note that  37 %  is actually reagent-grade, not commercial-grade, which is about  39 % .  See if you can calculate the concentration in  39 %  commercial-grade HCl! HINT: Use a ratio of the molar concentrations of the  37 %  to the  39 % , and assume the density is similar enough.

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-Viswajeet

Answer 2

This is answer...........