What is the physical state of an atom?
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Both the liquid and solid phases are, on a molecular level, defined by some kind of regular arrangement. Solid phases typically have short-distance and long-distance regular arrangements (think the periodicity of a crystal), while liquid phases only have short-distance arrangements. This can be modelled in various computer simulations and I myself have done so in a physics practical course.
Gases are then defined as phases without any type of arrangement; neither short- nor long-distance.
A single atom of course has no arrangements of other atoms around it, so it cannot be considered a liquid or a solid. One would, most likely, consider it a gas — but remember that ‘gas’ is a macroscopic term and one may equally consider a single atom as ‘just a single atom’.
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