Question

What is the purpose of annealing in steel?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Annealing is a heat treatment process used to reduce hardness, increase ductility and help eliminate internal stresses. Recyrstallisation annealing is applied to cold-worked metal to obtain nucleation and growth of new grains without phase change.

Answer 2

Annealing is used with numerous alloys, including steel, mainly to relieve internal stresses created by either cold-working the material, or created by quenching it. Both cold working and rapid cooling (quenching) can strengthen steel by creating internal stresses which make it more resistant to deformation. However, the structure of the steel can also become more brittle and thus subject to cracking and less able to be formed or machined into the desired shapes. Annealing, when properly controlled, can relieve some of the stresses by allowing some diffusion of atoms, which allows the material to achieve a more relaxed state. Long anneal times at very high temperature can completely relieve the stresses involved, which is sometimes the desired effect. More often, one wants to retain some of the internal stress for improved strength, but relieve some of it, so as to make the material more "forgiving". If controlled properly, one can retain much of the enhanced strength and hardness, but avoid problems with excessively brittle behavior and cracking. Also, during annealing of steel, one must avoid excess oxidation (rust). Steel is usually annealed in an inert gas such as nitrogen, hydrogen or argon, so as to prevent reaction with atmospheric oxygen.


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