Question

What is the regional classification of the Himalayan mountains? Q.2 Describe division of the Northern plains on the basis of variations in relief features. Q.3 Describe briefly the parallel ranges of the Himalayas. Q.4 Describe how the Himalayas were formed? Q.5 Distinguish between Western and Eastern Ghats. Q.6 which are major physiographic divisions of India. Q.7 Give an account of peninsular plateau. Q.8 Mention the main features of Lakshadweep and Andaman Nicobar Islands.

Answer 1

The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is a range that spans ten states of Indianamely, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh as well as the hill regions of two states - Assam and West Bengal.[1] The region is responsible for providing water to a large part of the Indian subcontinentand contains varied flora and fauna.[2]

The IHR physiographically, starting from the foothills of south (Siwaliks), this mountain range extends up to Tibetan plateau on the north (Trans-Himalaya). Three major geographical entities, the Himadri (greater Himalaya), Himanchal (lesser Himalaya) and the Siwaliks (outer Himalaya) extending almost uninterrupted throughout its length, are separated by major geological fault lines. Mighty but older streams like the Indus, Sutlej, Kali, Kosi and Brahmaputra have cut through steep gorges to escape into the Great Plains and have established their antecedence.

The Northern-most range of mountains are the Karakoram Mountains that continue into Pakistan and China. India claims most of the Chinese and Pakistani Karakoram as its territory and this has been one of the defining features of the Kashmir Conflict To the south of the Karakoram range lie the Zaskar ranges. Parallel to the Zaskar ranges lie the Pir Panjal ranges. These three mountain ranges lie parallel to each other in the north-western part of India, most of its area lying in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Some of the highest mountains on earth are found in the region. Many rivers considered holy like the Ganga and Yamuna flow from the Himalayas.

Contents  [hide] 1Trans-Himalayas2Pir Panjal Range3Dhaula Dhar Range4Zanskar Range5Ladakh Range6East Korakoram Range7Siwalik Hills8References9External links

Trans-Himalayas[edit]

Trans himalaya is created due to the collision with eurasian plate.This Zone is the Northern most area in the country in the states of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. It is an extension of Tibetan plateau around the Himalayas. The Main Himalayan Ranges are:

Pir Panjal RangeDhaula Dhar RangeZaskar RangeLadakh RangeEast Korakoram RangeMahabharata rangePir Panjal Range[edit]

To the south of the main Himalayas lies the Pir Panjal Range at an average height of 5,000m. From Gulmarg in the Northwest it follows the southern rim of the Kashmir valley to the Banihal pass. Here the Pir Panjal meets the ridgeline, which separates the Kashmir valley from the Warvan valley. The major passes here in Pir Panjal are the pir panjal pass due west of Srinagar, the Banihal pass which lies at the top of the Jhelum River at the southern end of the Kashmir valley, and the sythen pass linking Kashmir with Kishtwar.

Dhaula Dhar Range[edit]

To the south of the Pir Panjal lies the Dhaula Dhar range. It is easily visible because of its distinct feature of the snow-capped ridge, which forms the division between the Ravi and the Beas valleys. In the west it divides the Chenab valley and the Tawi valley. Towards the east it extends across Himachal Pradesh forming the high ridges of the Largi gorge and extending towards the south of the Pin Parvati valley before it forms the ridgeline east of the Sutlej River.

Zanskar Range[edit]

It lies to the north of the main Himalaya. It acts as a backbone of Ladakh south of the Indus River, extending from the ridges beyond Lamayuru in the west across the Zanskar region; there it is divided from the main Himalaya by the Stod and Tsarap valleys, the Zanskar valley. On the east of the Zanskar region the range continues through Lahaul and Spiti. While on the North it continues across the Kinnaur before extending towards west across Uttaranchal. Some of the main passes are the Fatu La, on the Leh-Srinagar road, while the main trekking passes into the  divides India and Central Asia. The range consists of high mountain peaks like Saltoro Kangri, Rimo and Teram Kargri. The Korakoram Pass acts as the main connector between the markets of Yarkand, Leh and Kashgar.

Siwalik Hills[edit]

It lies to the south of the Dhaula Dhar, with an average height of 1,500 to 2,000m.It includes the Jammu hills and Vaishno Devi, and extends to Kangra and if you move further east to the range south of Mandi. In Uttaranchal side it stretches from Dehra Dun to Almora before it heads across the southern borders of India.

So these were some of the major mountain ranges of Himalayas.

References[edit]Jump up^ The Himalaya (abode of snow)Jump up^ Sustainable development of the Indian Himalayan region : Linking ecological and economic concernsExternal links[edit] Himalayan North travel guide from WikivoyageResource Information Database of Indian Himalaya

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Answer 2

1) Sir Sidney Burrard has regionally classified the Himalayas based on river valleys. They are - the Punjab Himalayas, the Kumaon Himalayas, the Nepal Himalayas and the Assam Himalayas.

2) On the basis of variations in relief features, the Northern Plains is divided into three sections - the Punjab plain, the Ganga plain and the Brahmaputra plain.

3) The three parallel ranges of the Himalayas are as follows - the Greater Himalayas or the Himadri, the Lesser Himalayas or the Himachal and the Siwaliks.

4) According to the Continental Drift Theory, the world was a single continent which gradually separated and drifted apart forming the seven continent. It is said that the Tethys Sea separated the two landmasses Laurasia in north and Gondwanaland in south. The movement of the landmasses towards each other caused the formation of the young fold mountains known as the Himalayas.

5) The Western Ghats lie parallel to the western coast and have a continuous chain of mountains while the Eastern Ghats lie parallel to the eastern coast and do not have continuous chain of mountains.

6) The major physiographic divisions of India are:-

a) The Himalayas

b) The Northern Plains

c) The Peninsular Plateau

d) The Great Indian Desert

e) The Eastern and Western Ghats

f) The Coastal Plains

g) The Islands

7) The Peninsular Plateau or the Deccan Plateau is a vast triangular plateau extending from the south of the Indo - Ganga plain to Kanyakumari.

8) The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are situated in the Bay of Bengal. They comprise of 263 islands. They were formed due to the collision between the Indian Plate and the Burma Minor Plate. The Andaman Islands are divided into the North, Middle and South.

The Lakshadweep Islands are situated in the Arabian Sea. They are coral islands. They are a group of 25 islands. They are divided into Amindivi Islands, Laccadive Islands and Minicoy Island.