what is the relationship between temperature and elavation in the different layers of the atmosphere?
Answers
Answer:
as we go up the temperature decrease that is temperature is inversely proportional to the number of layers from the surface of the earth
Answer:
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Explanation:
First off, the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermostat, and exosphere are all parts of the greater whole we call the atmosphere.
Second off, the relationship between temperature and altitude in each of these areas is different. Each regime has its own set of relationships, which is actually largely why we consider them separate parts. There would be no need to distinguish if they all behaved exactly the same!
Here’s some reading you can do, a couple other questions I’ve answered that go over atmospheric separations and how temperature behaves in the exosphere specifically:
As surface-dwellers we usually think of it as the higher you go the colder it gets. That’s certainly true as far as we can climb while still being on the planet, which is fully contained in the troposphere. The complex relationships between molecular densities, stability effects, and radiation absorption and emission are responsible for the switchbacks encountered between the different layers. Here’s another image from NASA that might help us understand:
The sun puts off a whole spectrum of light, only some of which makes it down to the surface (mostly visible and infrared light). A lot of the much more energetic light (ultraviolet and x-rays) are absorbed as they travel down through our atmosphere. The ozone layer is one of the most famous of the areas where this occurs, responsible for absorbing a whole lot of UV radiation and protecting us from all dying at a young age from cancer as a result of being bombarded by high energy light all the time. The ozone layer is located near the bottom of the stratosphere, where you suddenly begin to see the temperature profile reverse direction. All that absorbed energy has to go somewhere! It results in heating of the surrounding molecules.
Similarly, there are other layers higher up where even more energetic light particles are absorbed. The distribution of these accounts for where it cools and where it gets hotter, all the way until the atmosphere is so thin that you’re pretty much just dealing with the solar wind directly, which is pretty “hot”
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Simple summary, in the lowest atmosphere, the troposphere, the temperature declines as altitude rises, as rising pockets of air lose thermal energy to gain potential energy. In the stratosphere it increases with altitude, due to UV absorption. In the mesosphere it declines again.
Top of the mesosphere and the atmosphere is no longer well mixed. Lighter molecules and atoms start dominating the mix, thus “temperature” is no longer well defined. Hotter, lighter atoms/molecules will reach higher altitudes in the thermostat, and & x-ray energy from the Sun starts being felt. Thus the temperature rises with altitude, but this is highly variable.
The exosphere is reached when the individual molecules and atoms are no longer colliding with each other. Instead they follow ballistic arcs. Exposure to ions from the Solar Wind and trapped cosmic rays can kick atoms into space. The Earth’s atmosphere essential ends and the Sun’s begins.