What is the role of bacteria in alimentary canal of cow and large intestine of man
Answers
role of bacteria in intestine:-Its primary function is to salvage energy from carbohydrate not digested in the upper gut. This is achieved through fermentation and absorption of the major products, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which represent 40-50% of the available energy of the carbohydrate.
role in alimentary canal of cow:-cow's' guts (their digestive tracts, or intestines) are packed with microscopic organisms: bacteria, fungi, and single-celled animals called protozoa. They aren't alone in this - all animals carry a huge load of bacteria - but the microbes that live in one special gut compartment in cows (and other ruminants) are special: they digest cellulose. This makes a whole new energy source available to the cow. There's a lot of energy in cellulose, but most animals are simply unable to digest it because they don't have the necessary enzymes. That's where the microbes come in.
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Answer:
Humans evolved in the presence of numerous microbial communities that preceded the appearance of mammals on planet Earth. The role of these microbial communities in our evolution is a matter of considerable interest. Indeed, comparative studies with germfree and conventional animals have established that the intestinal microflora is essential for the development and function of the mucosal immune system during early life, a process that is now known to be important to overall immunity in adults. An absence of intestinal bacteria is associated with reductions in mucosal cell turnover, vascularity, muscle wall thickness, motility, baseline cytokine production, and digestive enzyme activity and with defective cell-mediated immunity (83). Furthermore, the intestinal microflora makes important metabolic contributions to vitamin K, folate, and short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, a major energy source for enterocytes, and also mediates the breakdown of dietary carcinogens (7, 50). The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract varies longitudinally; the oral cavity contains about 200 different species, the stomach is almost sterile, and the bacterial content increases distally, with approximately 108 bacteria per g (dry weight) of ileal contents and up to 1012 bacteria per g (dry weight) of colonic contents (7). The conclusions of studies on the bacterial flora carried out some decades ago are still thought to be true. The large intestine contains organisms belonging to over 30 identified genera and as many as 500 separate species or phenotypes. The main types of bacteria in the colon are obligate anaerobes, and the most abundant bacteria are members of the genus Bacteroides, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, such as Peptostreptococcus sp., Eubacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Clostridium sp. More recent studies of large bowel biopsies confirmed that Bacteroides was a dominant genus in the specimens examined