what is the short function of Euglena and paramoecium?
Answers
Depending on the species, a paramecium has from one to several contractile vacuoles located close to the surface near the ends of the cell. Contractile vacuoles function in regulating the water content within the cell and may also be considered excretory structures, since the expelled water contains metabolic wastes.
When acting as a autotroph, the Euglena utilizes its chloroplasts (which gives it the green colour) to produce sugars by photosynthesis, when acting as a heterotroph, the Euglena surrounds the particle of food and consumes it by phagocytosis, or in other words, engulfing the food through its cell membrane
Answer:
Since Euglena is a eukaryotic unicellular organism, it contains the major organelles found in more complex life. This protist is both an autotroph, meaning it can carry out photosynthesis and make its own food like plants, as well as a heteroptoph, meaning it can also capture and ingest its food. When acting as a autotroph, the Euglena utilizes its chloroplasts (which gives it the green colour) to produce sugars by photosynthesis, when acting as a heterotroph, the Euglena surrounds the particle of food and consumes it by phagocytosis, or in other words, engulfing the food through its cell membrane. Due to this adaptation, many Euglena are considered mixotrophs: autotrophs in the light and heterotophs in the dark. Locomotion comes in the form of either the rotating flagellums, or the flexible pellicle membrane.
On the right is a diagram of a Euglena displaying its Organelles, which include:
Flagellum- A long, mobile filament that the Euglena uses to propel itself in its environment
Reservoir- The part used for storage of nutrients
Stigma- A light sensitive-spot that allows the Euglena to detect light, so that it may move towards it in order to conduct photosynthesis
Chloroplast- Organelle that allows the organism to conduct photosynthesis
Contractile Vacuole- Expels excess water into the reservoir, or else the cell would burst
Pellicle- Stiff membrane made of proteins and somewhat flexible, can also be used for locomotion when crunching up and down or wriggling
Nucleus- The central organelle which contains DNA and controls the cell's activity, contained within the Nucleolus
Paramecia are single-celled protists that are naturally found in aquatic habitats. They are typically oblong or slipper-shaped and are covered with short hairy structures called cilia. Certain paramecia are also easily cultured in labs and serve as useful model organisms.
Characteristics
Appearance
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Paramecia cells are characteristically elongated. Historically, based on cell shape, these organisms were divided into two groups: aurelia and bursaria, according to the "The Biology of Paramecium, 2nd Ed." (Springer, 1986). The aurelia morphological type is oblong, or "cigar" shaped, with a somewhat tapered posterior end. Bursaria, on the other hand, represents cells that are "slipper" shaped. They tend to be shorter, and their posterior end is rounded.
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Paramecia are a part of a group of organisms known as ciliates. As the name suggests, their bodies are covered in cilia, or short hairy protrusions. Cilia are essential for movement of paramecia. As these structures whip back and forth in an aquatic environment, they propel the organism through its surroundings. Paramecia can move forward at rates up to 2 millimeters per second, as José de Ondarza, an associate professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at SUNY Plattsburgh notes on his research website. Sometimes the organism will perform "avoidance reactions" by reversing the direction in which the cilia beat. This results in stopping, spinning or turning, after which point the paramecium resumes swimming forward. If multiple avoidance reactions follow one another, it is possible for a paramecium to swim backward, though not as smoothly as swimming forward.
Cilia also aid in feeding by pushing food into a rudimentary mouth opening known as the oral groove. Paramecia feed primarily on bacteria, but are known to eat yeast, unicellular algae and even some non-living substances such as milk powder, starch and powdered charcoal, according to "Biology of Paramecium."
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Cell structure
Paramecia are eukaryotes. In contrast to prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes have well-organized cells. The defining features of eukaryotic cells are the presence of specialized membrane-bound cellular machinery called organelles and the nucleus, which is a compartment that holds DNA. Paramecia have many organelles characteristic of all eukaryotes, such as the energy-generating mitochondria. However, the organism also contains some unique organelles.
Under an external covering called the pellicle is a layer of somewhat firm cytoplasm called the ectoplasm. This region consists of spindle-shaped organelles known as trichocysts. When they discharge their contents, they become long, thin and spiky, according to "Biology of Paramecium." The exact function of trichocysts is not quite clear, though a popular theory is that they are important for defense against predators.