What is the significance of homologous and analogous organs in the process of evolution?
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analogy
Analogy, or analogous structures, is actually the one that does not indicate there is a recent common ancestor between two organisms. Even though the anatomical structures being studied look similar and maybe even perform the same functions, they are actually a product of convergent evolution. Just because they look and act alike does not mean they are related closely on the tree of life.
One example of analogous structures is the wings of bats, flying insects, and birds. All three organisms use their wings to fly, but bats are actually mammals and not related to birds or flying insects. In fact, birds are more closely related to dinosaurs than they are to bats or flying insects. Birds, flying insects, and bats all adapted to their niches in their environments by developing wings.
Another example is the fins on a shark and a dolphin. Sharks are classified within the fish family while dolphins are mammals. However, both live in similar environments in the ocean where fins are favorable adaptations for animals that need to swim and move in the water. If they are traced back far enough on the tree of life, eventually there will be a common ancestor for the two, but it would not be considered a recent common ancestor and therefore the fins of a shark and a dolphin are considered to be analogous structures.
homology
The other classification of similar anatomical structures is called homology. In homology, the homologous structures did in fact evolve from a recent common ancestor. Organisms with homologous structures are more closely related to each other on the tree of life than those with analogous structures.
An example of homology is the tailbone in humans with the tails of cats and dogs. While our coccy or tailbone has become a vestigial structure, cats and dogs still have their tails intact.
Plants can also have homology.
analogy
Analogy, or analogous structures, is actually the one that does not indicate there is a recent common ancestor between two organisms. Even though the anatomical structures being studied look similar and maybe even perform the same functions, they are actually a product of convergent evolution. Just because they look and act alike does not mean they are related closely on the tree of life.
One example of analogous structures is the wings of bats, flying insects, and birds. All three organisms use their wings to fly, but bats are actually mammals and not related to birds or flying insects. In fact, birds are more closely related to dinosaurs than they are to bats or flying insects. Birds, flying insects, and bats all adapted to their niches in their environments by developing wings.
Another example is the fins on a shark and a dolphin. Sharks are classified within the fish family while dolphins are mammals. However, both live in similar environments in the ocean where fins are favorable adaptations for animals that need to swim and move in the water. If they are traced back far enough on the tree of life, eventually there will be a common ancestor for the two, but it would not be considered a recent common ancestor and therefore the fins of a shark and a dolphin are considered to be analogous structures.
homology
The other classification of similar anatomical structures is called homology. In homology, the homologous structures did in fact evolve from a recent common ancestor. Organisms with homologous structures are more closely related to each other on the tree of life than those with analogous structures.
An example of homology is the tailbone in humans with the tails of cats and dogs. While our coccy or tailbone has become a vestigial structure, cats and dogs still have their tails intact.
Plants can also have homology.
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Answered by
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Homology
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1. In an organisms, the homology indicates common ancestry.
2. The organs with same structure design and origin but different functions are homologous organs . Example are
forelimbs of some animals like whale , bats and cheetah .
3.Homology is based on divergent evolution .
The same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs.
Analogy
1. It refers to situation exactly opposite of homology.
2. Organs which are anatomically different but functionally similar are called analogous organs .
for Example :
wings of butterfly and birds .
3. Analogous organs are the result of the convergent evolution . It is the evolution in which different structures evolve for same function and hence , have similarity . It can be said that above organisms had different structures but they came in the same environment and evolved to perform same function .
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It is in relation among organs of different groups of organisms , that shows similarity in basic structures and embryonic development , but have different functions.
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