Question

What is the significance of the terms - 'isolated gaseous atom' and 'ground state' while defining the ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy? Hint : Requirements for comparison purposes.

Answer 1

main significance of isolated gaseous atom is that change in enthalpy at solid state requires changes in physical conditions and solid may absorb more energy as it may also change its sate while exchange of energy to measure enthalpy

Answer 2

Ionization enthalpy - the minimum amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron from vague confined volatile atom to produce a cation.

The cations are made when the neutral atoms lose particles.

But for losing molecules, they should be in confined unstable form.

Although the particles are generally separated in the vaporous state, there are any amounts of engaging units among the particles.

To ascertain the ionization enthalpy, it is unlikely to isolate a particular atom.

But, the power of attraction can be more decreased by reducing the pressure.

That's why the term ‘isolated gaseous atom’ is done in the definition of ionization enthalpy.

b) The ground state of an atom- most steady state of a particle.

If an isolated gaseous molecule is in its ground state, then less amount of power would be needed to remove an electron from it.

Hence, for illustration purposes, ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy must be determined for an ‘isolated gaseous atom’ and its ‘ground.