what is the synopsis of chapter kinship caste and class early societies for project
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Answer:
Kinship, Marriage Rules and Different Practices:
Families usually form parts of larger .
Social Differences:
The Dharmashastras and Dharmasutras contained rules about the ideal ‘occupations’ of the four categories or varnas.
Brahmanas were supposed to study and teach the Vedas, perform sacrifices and get sacrifices performed; Kshatriyas were to engage in warfare, protect people and administer justice; Vaishyas were engaged in agriculture, pastoralism and trade; and Shudras were assigned to serve the three ‘higher’ varnas.
According to the Shastras, only Kshatriyas could be the kings. But in reality political power was effectively open to anyone w’ho could muster (assemble) support and resources and rarely depended on birth.
Gotami-puta Siri-Satakani was a Brahmana who destroyed the pride of Kshatriyas. He ordered that there was no inter-marriage amongst members of the four varnas.
Jatis which shared a common occupation or profession were sometimes organised into shrenis or guilds. There were other categories like Nishada (people living in forest) beyond the four varnas in society. Ekalavya is supposed to have belonged to this class.
Sometimes those who spoke non-Sanskrit languages were labelled as Mlechchhas and looked down upon.
Brahmanical scriptures developed a sharper social divide by classifying certain social categories as ‘untouchable’.
Those who performed ‘polluting’ activities like, handling corpses and dead animals were designated as ‘Chandalas’.
The Manusmriti laid down the duties of Chandalas, these were—they had to live outside the village, use discarded utensils and wear clothes of the dead and ornaments of iron.
Historians got hints of different social realities about the Chandalas from the non-Brahmanical texts.