Question

what is the system to which these forces act on in figure 2?​

Answer 1

Explanation:

The law of reflection states that when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Answer 2

The system to which these forces act on Newton's 3rd law states, for every force, there is an equal but opposite reaction force.

Explanation:

• Yes an apple exerts a force on the earth, because as Newton's 3rd law states, for every force, there is an equal but opposite reaction force.
• The earth pulls on the apple with a gravitational force, so the apple must pull with the same strength force, but pulls up on the earth.
• An apple falling down has the force of gravity acting downward (F1) which is the action.
• The opposite reaction is the force the apple exerts on the earth (F2).Apple and Earth, This ratio of the masses is about 1/10^24.
• The Earth's acceleration due to the pull of the apple is so small, it is impossible to detect
• Apple falls towards the earth, but the earth does not move towards the apple because acceleration is inversely proportional to mass.
• Earth's mass being extremly large as compared to apple, it has negligible acceleration towards the apple.