Question

what is there in binoculars that make us see things that is very far from us??​

Answer 1

'42' is the objective lens diameter in millimeter. (The objective lens is the front lens, not the one you look through) Therefore, 10x50 binoculars have 10x magnification and the objective lenses are 50mm in diameter. The wider the objective lens, the more light the binoculars will take in making the image brighter.

Answer 2

binoculars are simply two telescopes side by side, one for each eye. binoculars are used to get a clearer view of distant objects or living things. And to make that possible, two convex lenses are used by placing one after the other. When light rays from a distant object pass through a convex lens, they cross over thereby creating an upside down an image. That is why objects from far appear inverted.
To correct the upside-down image problem, A prism(a large piece of glass) is required to make an image appear upright. Otherwise, without the prism, the image would be upside down or side up. And hence the image formed is magnified.