Question

what is this equation's answers? -c(c+2-c)

Answer 1

-c square -2c +c square
-2c (is the ans I think)

Answer 2

Answer:

There is nothing in S-D logic that implies that value cocreation only involves the firm and customer. In fact, there is nothing to imply that the firm has to be involved at all. Most often there are many other actors (Cs, if you prefer) involved in the resource-integration, value cocreation process.

As for value co-destruction, I find it an poor choice of words and a somewhat redundant concept, as you seem to imply. In S-D logic, value -- a change in the viability (wellbeing) of a system -- can be positive or negative (we sometimes use positively and negatively valenced), thus the term is not needed. In fact, "co-destruction " implies that value is there to be destroyed but in S-D logic, value creation is an ongoing process, not a thing to be destroyed.