Question

what is water logging how it is harmful to the crops

Answer 1

What is waterlogging and how does it harm crops, and how can it be prevented? Waterlogging is a condition where the soil is completely saturated with water that isn’t percolating into the ground or draining. Plant’s root systems need air, so when the ground is waterlogged, they can drown. At very least, they will begin to rot if the ground remains saturated for a while, but if they don’t get relief, they, and the plants, will die. This, of course, doesn’t apply to all crops, rice, for example, thrives when the roots are submerged.

Waterlogging can be prevented by providing drainage where the land slope allows for it, and when it isn’t possible to drain an area that is subject to waterlogging, you may be able to create a retention pond onsite to catch excess water. Other than draining or catching the water, there isn’t much you can do short of building up an area prone to this condition.

Answer 2

Waterlogging (flooded/ponded/saturated soils) affects a number of biological and chemical processes in plants and soils that can affect crop growth in the short and long term. ... Generally, the oxygen level in a saturated soil reaches the point that is harmful to plant growth after about 48 to 96 hours.