What is Water project conclusion
Answers
Everywhere people are incrasingly concerned with controlling the pollution of both surface and ground water. Ground water is the main problem, especially where cities have to rely on their own ground water for the fresh water provision.
Surface water suffers everywhere mainly from eutrophication, caused by the lack of sewage treatment plants (or even its complete absence as in Milan) in the streams leaving the urban areas. Inside the urban area eutrification is caused by polluted storm water flowing off the sealed surfaces. Also, most river banks are artificially constructed. This causes an important biological corridor to be lost as well as the water clearing function of the vegetation.
The attention to groundwater problems and its protection are very different, depending mainly on its use:
1) Except from a general hydrolitological map Athens does not have information about ground water. Fresh water supply comes from distant mountain areas and the main problems until now have been storm water flow off control and sewage treatment. But due to the intense presence of industry in the Attiki Basin groundwater pollution problems are assumed and should be controlled.
2) Berlin depends primarily on his own ground water for the fresh water supply, holds precise information on groundwater pollution (i.e. in the old polluted sites cadaster, continuous monitoring in the groundwater catchment protection areas) and on its level. Important maps for planning show the ground water vulnerability to pollution and the water catchment protection zones.
3) Milan faces the problem of an extreme groundwater level rise due to the closing of many industrial wells, has data on the ground water level, the quantities extracted from private wells and a monitoring programme for the quality control.
4) In Rome there is a complex hydrogeological map giving precise indications on soil permeability, groundwater depth and flow direction. Freshwater supply comes historically from outside, but on the roman territory are many important springs of mineral water which are safeguarded trough a groundwater pollution monitoring programme.
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