Question

what led to the deterioration of agriculture in india.?​

Answer 1

Answer:

His subsistence base was completely ruined by the agrarian policies of the British government. The lack of attention in the development of agriculture and in use of new equipments and methods on the part of the British government also ruined Indian agriculture.

Land Rights and Land Settlements:

Broadly speaking, the English adopted three types of land tenures in India viz., the Zamindari tenure, the Mahalwari tenure and the Ryotwari tenure.

The Permanent Zamindari Settlements:

The Zamindari system was a creation of the British rule and many non-economic considerations entered into its acceptance. The system was known by different names like Jagirdari, Malguzari, Biswedari, etc. Under the Permanent Settlement system the state’s land revenue demand was settled once for, all while in other Zamindari tracts the land revenue was revised after a fixed number of years ranging from 10 to 40 years. This was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 on the recommendation of Sir John Shore, the President of the Board of Revenue.

Under the Zamindari system, the Zamindari was recognised as the owner who could mortgage, bequeath and sell the land. The state held the Zamindari responsible for the payment of land revenue and in default thereof the land could be confis­cated and sold out.