Question

what measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers of India

Answer 1

The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to reduce water pollution.


Formulation of environmental regulations / statutes.

Promotion of cleaner production processes.

Comprehensive amendments to various Waste Management Rules including Municipal Solid Waste, Plastic Waste, Hazardous Waste, Bio-medical Waste and Electronic Waste notified.

Notification of Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules;

Ban on burning of leaves, biomass, municipal solid waste.

Revision of existing environmental standards and formulation of new standards for prevention and control of pollution from industries.

Regular co-ordination meetings at official and ministerial level with Delhi and other State Governments within the NCR.

Issuance of directions under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and under Section 18(1)(b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

Installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries.

Preparation of action plan for sewage management and restoration of water quality in aquatic resources by State Governments.

Implementation of National River Conservation Plan for abatement of pollution in identified stretches of various rivers and undertaking conservation activities which inter-alia include interception & diversion of raw sewage, construction of sewerage systems, setting up of sewage treatment plants, low cost sanitation facilities, education and awareness creation, community participation, electric/improved wood crematoria and river front development.

Delhi Government while formulating the Master Plan of Delhi 2001 had categorized all hazardous/ noxious/ heavy and large industries into H category for the purpose of stopping and shifting the identified industries out of the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

There is no standard categorization of industries under H category from pollution perspective. The Central Pollution Control Board has categorized the industries into Red, Orange, Green and White category based on the composite scores which is calculated on the basis of air pollution, water pollution score and hazardous waste generation.

As per this classification, Red category covers 60 industrial sectors, Orange category covers 83 industrial sectors, Green category covers 63 industrial sectors and the newly introduced, White category covers 36 industrial sectors. CPCB had issued directions under section 18(1)(b) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 to all State Pollution Control Boards / Pollution Control Committees (SPCBs / PCCs) on 07.03.2016 to harmonize the criteria of classification of industries.

Answer 2

The Ganga Action Plan, India’s first river action plan was initiated by the late Prime Minister of India Rajieev Gandhi in 1986 was one of the most important environmental reforms initiated in India.

The reason behind to bring an action plan for the great perennial river Ganga was its uncontrollable pollution.

Some of the action plan that was taken at that time were

Reducing non-point pollution from agricultural run-off.

Preventing the throwing of burnt and half burnt dead bodies into the river in the name of spiritual rites.

Preventing domestic sewage and industrial chemicals draining into the river.

Preserving the biodiversity of the river.

Sewage treatment.

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