What measures were taken to introduce reforms in Catholic church?
Answers
✴ola!!✴
⤵⤵Answer⤵⤵
1. It introduce strict rules regarding discipline and sermons.
2.It condemned indulgences
3.It banned books , which contained ideas contrary to the Catholic system . Pope was regarded as the head of the all Catholic churches .✔✔
tysm❤
Answer:
CATHOLIC REFORMATION
Toward the end of the Middle Ages, many people became unhappy with the behavior of high-ranking officials in the Catholic Church. At the same time, many Christians were searching for new ways to express their devotion to God.
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Their concerns triggered a movement for reform.
Complaints about church officials were widespread in the 1400s. Some of the most common charges were that church officials ignored church laws; that popes were corrupt; that cardinals lived in luxury; and that bishops did not reside within their dioceses*. Several councils in the 1400s and early 1500s attempted to address these problems. However, many officials—especially the popes—did not support reforms.
Meanwhile, many Christians craved better ways of expressing their faith. In the Netherlands, a movement called the devotio moderna encouraged people to form religious communities like those within the early Christian church. Mystics* recorded their experiences of an intimate union with God. Humanists* like Desiderius Erasmus called for changes in the way the Catholic faith was taught, studied, and practiced.
COUNTER-REFORMATION
In 1517 a German monk named Martin Luther challenged the Roman Catholic Church on many points of doctrine. For example, he argued that only the grace of God could save people from punishment after death and that human actions could not lead to salvation.
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He also based his theology* on the Bible rather than on the traditions and practices of the church. Luther's actions marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation*. The rapid growth of Protestantism alarmed Catholics, and they demanded that church leaders deal with the situation.
The Council of Trent. After many delays, Pope Paul III called bishops and religious scholars together at the Council of Trent. The council, which held three sessions between 1545 and 1563, had two central tasks. The first was to address Protestant teachings that questioned the Roman Catholic Church. The pope considered this issue the council's highest priority. The second was to reform the church, especially the papacy*. The council's internal conflicts made these difficult tasks nearly impossible.
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The council responded to Protestant teachings by affirming traditional Catholic beliefs. It addressed Luther's Bible-based theology by stating that Christians should base their religious views both on the Bible and on the spiritual authority of the Catholic Church.
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After discussing Luther's teachings on salvation, the council announced that God's grace was the most important factor, but that humans have some responsibility for their own salvation. The council also defended the Catholic position on other questions of theology.
The council also made efforts to reform church offices. It passed new laws requiring bishops to live in their dioceses and pastors to live in their parishes. In addition, it required each bishop to operate a seminary, a school to train future priests, in his diocese. However, the pope's representatives in the council blocked any attempts to reform the papacy. In fact, the papacy ended up with even more power when it became responsible for interpreting and enforcing the council's new laws.
The Papacy. Popes continued to take the lead in fighting the spread of Protestantism throughout the 1500s. In 1559 Pope Paul IV became the first pope to publish an Index of Prohibited Books, a list of books Catholics were not allowed to read without the permission of a bishop.
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When religious wars broke out in Europe in the mid-1500s, popes began to supply Catholic armies with troops and weapons, as well as spiritual support, in their battles against Protestant states. Realizing that the Protestants challenged their power, many Catholics stopped criticizing the pope in a show of unity. Pope Sixtus V (ruled 1585–1590) took this opportunity to strengthen his curia, the body that helped him govern the church.
The papacy also became more visible in Catholic teachings. Before the Reformation, Catholic catechisms* did not mention the papacy. Most European Christians probably had no idea that the pope was an important part of their religion. When Protestants began to challenge the pope's authority, the Catholic Church quickly reformed its catechisms to make the pope part of the definition of the church. Catholics began to define themselves as papists, followers of the pope.
hope it helps you ............