What nomenclature rules
Answers
Answer:
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- Remove the ending of the second element, and add “ide” just like in ionic compounds.
- When naming molecular compounds prefixes are used to dictate the number of a given element present in the compound.
- If there is only one of the first element, you can drop the prefix.
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Explanation:
Answer:
The IUPAC nomenclature system is a set of logical rules devised and used by organic chemists to circumvent problems caused by arbitrary nomenclature. Knowing these rules and given a structural formula, one should be able to write a unique name for every distinct compound.
Explanation:
Principal Functional group
The principal functional group is used to define the class the compound belongs to e.g. an alcohol, ROH
The principal functional group is the highest priority functional group. Functional group priority is discussed later.
The principal functional group is usually given the lowest locant possible.
When a group is named as a substituent, the priority order does not apply.
Longest chain
The longest continuous chain containing the principal functional group defines the root name.
Other groups attached to this chain are called substituents.
If there are two chains of equal length, then the choice that gives the simplest substituents is chosen.
Numbering
(i.e. assigning locants)
The numbers that define the positions of the principal functional group and substituents are called locants.
Compounds are numbered from one end of the longest continuous chain.
The locants are assigned such that the principal functional group gets the lowest possible locant.
If this results in a "tie" then the first point of difference rule is applied so that the first time a difference in numbering occurs, then the method that gives the lower number at this first difference is used.
In the event that there is no first point of difference then alphabetisation is used.
Note that a locant can only be omitted if they are a. "1" and b. would be unambiguous (see later).