What precautions of that have to be taken diluting concentrated sulphuric acid with water
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It depends on the acid.
With concentrated hydrochloric or nitric acid the only precautions to be taken are to wear appropriate protective clothing such as gloves, acid resistant apron, safety goggles or face shield, and perform the mixing in a fume hood.
However with concentrated sulphuric acid, in addition to the above precautions, the acid should also be added very slowly to a larger volume of water with constant stirring. This is because the reaction of concentrated sulphuric acid with water liberates a large amount of heat. So, if the water is added to acid, it could easily cause local boiling of the water, which initially floats on the acid due to its lower density. This is very likely to cause hot water and acid to splatter everywhere.
With concentrated hydrochloric or nitric acid the only precautions to be taken are to wear appropriate protective clothing such as gloves, acid resistant apron, safety goggles or face shield, and perform the mixing in a fume hood.
However with concentrated sulphuric acid, in addition to the above precautions, the acid should also be added very slowly to a larger volume of water with constant stirring. This is because the reaction of concentrated sulphuric acid with water liberates a large amount of heat. So, if the water is added to acid, it could easily cause local boiling of the water, which initially floats on the acid due to its lower density. This is very likely to cause hot water and acid to splatter everywhere.
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NEVER ADD WATER IN ACID TO DILUTE IT.. ALWAYS ADD ACID IN WATER..
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