Question

what role do vaccines play in prevention of certain disease like small pox , hepatitis etc.?




please answer fast and no scam it's important.​

Answer 1

➡️ There are two types of hepatitis A vaccine.

➡️ The first type, the single-dose hepatitis A vaccine, is given as two shots, 6 months apart, and both shots are needed for long-term protection against hepatitis A.

➡️ The other type is a combination vaccine that protects people against both hepatitis A and hepatitis B.

Answer 2

Explanation:

HEPATITIS E

Summary of vaccine data

Type of vaccine: Recombinant vaccine based on genotype 1

capsid protein which cross-protects against all

4 genotypes of hepatitis E virus of human

relevance. This vaccine has been developed and

is licensed in China, but is not yet available

elsewhere.

Number of doses: Three (administered intramuscularly at 0, 1 and

6 months). The possible need for booster doses

after > 2 years is not yet defined.

Contraindications: Not described, except for serious allergy to

vaccine components.

Adverse reactions: Rare local reactions.

Before departure: 4 weeks.

Consider for: Travellers, health-care and humanitarian relief

workers travelling to areas during outbreaks of

hepatitis E.

Special precautions: So far, no safety data are available on its use in

children, older persons, pregnant women, or

patients with chronic liver disease or

immunodeficiencies.

Cause Hepatitis E virus (HEV). It has four known genotypes that infect

mammalian hosts (genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4).

Transmission The virus is usually acquired through contaminated drinking-water.

Direct faecal–oral transmission from person to person is also possible.

There is no insect vector. Various domestic animals, including pigs,

may be reservoirs of HEV.

Nature of the disease The clinical features and course of the disease are generally similar to

those of hepatitis A (see above). However, during the third trimester of

pregnancy HEV infection is more serious and is associated with case–

fatality rates reaching 20% or higher. In addition to pregnant women,

persons with pre-existing liver disease and immunosuppressed persons

are at greater risk for severe disease following HEV infection.

Geographical

distribution

HEV is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries.

Each year HEV genotypes 1 and 2 may account for about 20.1 million

HEV infections, 3.4 million symptomatic cases, 70 000 deaths and 3000

stillbirths.

Risk for travellers Travellers to developing countries may be at risk when exposed to poor

conditions of sanitation and drinking-water control.

Precautions Travellers should follow the general recommendations for avoiding

potentially contaminated food and drinking-water.

Vaccine A vaccine against HEV has recently been developed and licensed in

China. The vaccine contains a recombinant viral capsid protein

corresponding to genotype 1 of HEV, but is likely to protect against all

four genotypes. Three doses of the vaccine are given intramuscularly at

0, 1 and 6 months. So far, this vaccine has shown a favourable safety

profile as well as excellent immunogenicity and clinical efficacy when

used in healthy individuals aged 16−65 years. The duration of

protection is at least 2 years.

Because of a lack of sufficient information on safety, immunogenicity

and efficacy in important target groups such as children under 16 years