Question

what's is primary sludge explain how it is treated​

Answer 1

Answer:

Primary sludge is a result of the capture of suspended solids and organics in the primary treatment process through gravitational sedimentation, typically by a primary clarifier. The secondary treatment process uses microorganisms to consume the organic matter in the wastewater.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Two types of primary sludge from sewagetreatment plants were used: the first one from a rural area where no heavy metals were included and the second from an urban area where heavy metals exist.

The uniqueness of this process is related to the treatment of primary sludge which is heavily polluted with Ascaris eggs (most persistent species of parasites) using passive composting technique. This technique is very powerful, very efficient with much less cost (capital cost and running cost) than other techniques as explained before. First, primary sludge will be mixed with 5 % cement dustfor 24 hours. Second, agricultural waste as a bulking agent will be mixed for passive composting treatment. Passive composting piles will be formed from sludge mixed with agricultural waste (bulking agent) and cement dust with continuous monitoring of the temperatures and CO2 generated within the pile. Both parameters are good indicators of the performance and digestion process undertaken within the pile.

Passive composting technology has shown very promising results, especially by adding cement dust and agricultural wastes. Results show that Ascaris has not been detected after 24 hours of composting mainly due to the high temperature elevations reaching 70°C to 75°C for prolonged periods, as well as the high pH from cement dust. Also, the heavy metal contents were way beyond the allowable limits for both urban sludge as well as rural sludge.

Explanation:

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